Universal Principles of Design

Resources

by William Lidwell

A reference rather than an argument: 125 principles drawn from psychology, architecture, engineering and graphic design, each on a single spread with an example. It is the book on this shelf you return to rather than read through, and it consistently supplies the name for something you already half-knew.

Key Concepts

01

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

Every element that carries no information competes with the ones that do.

02

Progressive Disclosure

Show only what is needed now; reveal complexity as the user asks for it.

03

Recognition Over Recall

People are far better at recognising something shown to them than retrieving it from memory.

04

The Von Restorff Effect

The item that differs from its neighbours is the one that gets remembered.

05

Constraints & Forgiveness

Limit what can go wrong, then make whatever does go wrong easy to undo.

Value & Benefits

01

Names for Instincts

Turns 'this feels off' into a principle you can point at and discuss.

02

Cross-Disciplinary

Draws from fields outside software, which is where a lot of the better analogies live.

03

Built for Reference

One principle per spread makes it fast to consult mid-project rather than read cover to cover.

04

Defensible Rationale

Each principle comes with the research behind it, which helps when justifying a decision.